» 电视台：七姐妹联盟的秘密
http://www.ltaaa.com/wtfy/8457.html
转自龙腾
A four-part series that reveals how a secret pact formed a cartel that controls the world's oil.
该系列由4个部分组成，披露了一份秘密的协定是如何构成了控制世界石油的同业联盟。
(译著：第一、二两部分的视频请到原网站查看)
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On August 28, 1928, in the Scottish highlands, began the secret story of oil.
在1928年8月28日，在苏格兰高地上，开始了一段有关石油的秘密故事。
Three men had an appointment at Achnacarry Castle - a Dutchman, an American and an Englishman.
三个男性约在了Achnacarry城堡见面——一名荷兰人，美国人，以及英国人。
The Dutchman was Henry Deterding, a man nicknamed the Napoleon of Oil, having exploited a find in Sumatra. He joined forces with a rich ship owner and painted Shell salesman and together the two men founded Royal Dutch Shell.
The American was Walter C. Teagle and he represents the Standard Oil Company, founded by John D. Rockefeller at the age of 31 - the future Exxon. Oil wells, transport, refining and distribution of oil - everything is controlled by Standard oil.
这名美国人叫做Walter C. Teagle，他代表的是标准石油公司，这家公司是约翰 洛克菲勒在31岁的时候创办的，也就是后来的埃克森美孚石油公司。油井，运输，提炼以及配送——标准石油公司控制着一切。
The Englishman, Sir John Cadman, was the director of the Anglo-Persian oil Company, soon to become BP. On the initiative of a young Winston Churchill, the British government had taken a stake in BP and the Royal Navy switched its fuel from coal to oil. With fuel-hungry ships, planes and tanks, oil became "the blood of every battle".
The new automobile industry was developing fast, and the Ford T was selling by the million. The world was thirsty for oil, and companies were waging a merciless contest but the competition was making the market unstable.
That August night, the three men decided to stop fighting and to start sharing out the world's oil. Their vision was that production zones, transport costs, sales prices - everything would be agreed and shared. And so began a great cartel, whose purpose was to dominate the world, by controlling its oil.
Four others soon joined them, and they came to be known as the Seven Sisters - - the biggest oil companies in the world.
另外四家公司后来也加入了进来，人们把它们称为七姐妹联盟——世界上最大的7家石油公司。
In the first episode, we travel across the Middle East, through both time and space.
在第一集中，我们将首先以时间和空间的视角来到中东地区。
Throughout the region's modern history, since the discovery of oil, the Seven Sisters have sought to control the balance of power.
在整个中东的当代历史中，自从发现了石油资源以后，这七姐妹联盟就一直在寻求控制该地区的势力平衡
They have supported monarchies in Iran and Saudi Arabia, opposed the creation of OPEC, profiting from the Iran-Iraq war, leading to the ultimate destruction of Saddam Hussein and Iraq.
At the end of the 1960s, the Seven Sisters, the major oil companies, controlled 85 percent of the world's oil reserves. Today, they control just 10 percent.
在60年代末，七姐妹控制着世界石油储备的85%。而今天，她们总共才控制10%的量。
New hunting grounds are therefore required, and the Sisters have turned their gaze towards Africa. With peak oil, wars in the Middle East, and the rise in crude prices, Africa is the oil companies' new battleground
But the real story, the secret story of oil, begins far from Africa.
但是真正的故事——秘密的石油故事——在遥远的非洲开始发生。
In their bid to dominate Africa, the Sisters installed a king in Libya, a dictator in Gabon, fought the nationalisation of oil resources in Algeria, and through corruption, war and assassinations, brought Nigeria to its knees.
Oil may be flowing into the holds of huge tankers, but in Lagos, petrol shortages are chronic.
或许石油都被装进了邮轮的货仓里，但是在尼日利亚首都拉各斯，汽油短缺的情况却是长期存在的问题。
The country's four refineries are obsolete and the continent's main oil exporter is forced to import refined petrol - a paradox that reaps fortunes for a handful of oil companies.
Encouraged by the companies, corruption has become a system of government - some $50bn are estimated to have 'disappeared' out of the $350bn received since independence.
But new players have now joined the great oil game.
但是现在又有新的玩家加入到这场巨大的石油游戏中来了。
China, with its growing appetite for energy, has found new friends in Sudan, and the Chinese builders have moved in. Sudan's President Omar al-Bashir is proud of his co-operation with China - a dam on the Nile, roads, and stadiums.
In order to export 500,000 barrels of oil a day from the oil fields in the South - China financed and built the Heglig pipeline connected to Port Sudan - now South Sudan's precious oil is shipped through North Sudan to Chinese ports.
In a bid to secure oil supplies out of Libya, the US, the UK and the Seven Sisters made peace with the once shunned Colonel Muammar Gaddafi, until he was killed during the Libyan uprising of 2011, but the flow of Libyan oil remains uninterrupted.
